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INTRODUCTION
It is a non-metallic brightener and cyanide silver plating process, suitable for rack plating, barrel plating and high-speed plating.
It can be thickly plated and the surface is as bright as a mirror.
High purity, and a wide range of applications.
The coating is soft and has good throwing power.
Strong coverage power.
RC-156 is commonly used in the electronics industry, such as:
Separable connector
Heavy contacts
Plugs and sockets
High frequency components
DEPOSITION CHARACTER
Purity (%) | - | 99.9 |
Hardness (25g) | - | 100-130 |
Deposition density (g/cc) | - | 10.5 |
Deposition density (mg/m.dm) | - | 105 |
Efficiency (mg/ A min) | - | 67 |
The time required to deposit 1 μm | -1 A/dm2 | 1-5 min |
-10 A/dm2 | 9.5s | |
-100 A/dm2 | 0.95s |
EQUIPMENT
Tank: heat-resistant glass, PTFE, PP, PVC, PE with high density or hard chemical rubber.
Heating & cooling systems: ceramic, stainless steel, titanium or Teflon.
Filtration: the PP filter element is recommended for continuous filtration. The filter element should be immersed in 20g/l potassium hydroxide solution for 1 hour (80-90) before use.
Rectifier: ripple coefficient ≤ 3 %, equipped with voltage, current meter and precision current to continuous control.
Anode: for the best results, it is recommended to use a titanium basket packed with granular silver anode. Usually, bagged high-purity silver anodes or platinum-titanium stainless anodes can also be used.
Anode/cathode ratio: ≥ 1:1
Agitation: the bath can be gently mechanically stirred or swept as required. Do not use air agitation.
Ventilation: intensified during high temperature or high current operation.
THE FUNCTION OF COMPOSITIONS
The silver in the bath is in the form of silver cyanide. The higher the silver content, the higher the current density. Silver content is maintained by anodic dissolution or by adding AgCN (using an insert anode).
Chromium compounds formed from potassium cyanide and silver contribute to the conductivity and throwing power of the bath and also contribute to the dissolution of the anode. Low concentration of free potassium cyanide causes anodic passivation and low area “fog” will occur. If an insoluble anode is used, cyanide will be consumed in the anode area, and more so when the current density and temperature are higher.
Potassium hydroxide maintains a pH value above 12.0, which is inhibits cyanide decomposition and aids anodic dissolution. Potassium hydroxide absorbs CO2 and coverts it into carbonate. If an insoluble anode is used, it will also be produced by the anode process. The potassium hydroxide content was controlled by analyzing and measuring the pH.
The RC-156 (A agent) worked with the RC-156 (B agent). The RC-156 (B agent) can refine the crystal, usually only by drag-out. The RC-156 (A agent) enables the coating to produce brightness as a mirror and drag-out during electrolysis. The temperature has a direct effect on the maximum current density.
Higher temperatures allow the use of higher current densities and may aid in anodic dissolution, but accelerate bath aging. Agitation is crucial for increasing the maximum current density and reducing the anodic polarization, and also for bath aging. The current densities we recommend are usually under certain agitation conditions.
SOLUTION MAINTENANCE
Ø Silver anode
RC-156 (A agent) is about 0.5L/1,000AH, and it should be added regularly to avoid excess or deficiency. RC-156 (B agent) only by drag-out. If the anode dissolves properly, the silver content can be maintained automatically. However, the silver anode should be removed when the bath is not in use.
The consumption rate and drag-out of the brightener vary greatly from the equipment, so the bath analysis and coating tests should be performed frequently.
Ø Insoluble anode
When an insoluble anode is used, the silver content must be maintained by the addition of silver salt, and the consumption rate of the RC-156 (A agent) increases. KOH should be added on time to maintain a pH value above 12.5 for the bath. The amount added varies depending on the device, the solution analysis and the coating test that should be performed. In particular, continuous carbon treatment should be used if there is insufficient agitating in the anode area.
Silver cyanide (AgCN-80% Ag) is used as a replenishment to avoid the accumulation of free potassium cyanide in the bath. It should be dissolved before being added to the tank.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Trouble | Causes | Solution |
HCD dulling (especially during high-speed plating) | High current density | Reduce current density |
Low silver content | Increase silver content | |
Low temperature | Increase temperature | |
Insufficient agitation | Sufficient agitation | |
High rectifier ripple | Reduce ripple by less than 3% | |
High carbonate content | Reduce carbonate content | |
Low RC-AgⅡ (A agent) | Add RC-AgⅡ (A agent) step by step, 5ml/l each time | |
Low potassium hydroxide content | Add 10g/l KOH | |
High anode current density | Reduce anode current density | |
MCD dulling | Low potassium hydroxide content | Add 10g/l KOH |
High anode current density | Reduce anode current density | |
Low RC-AgⅡ (B agent) | Add 5 ml/l of RC-AgⅡ (B agent) | |
LCD dulling (especially for rack and barrel plating) | Over-temperature | Reduce temperature or increase current density |
Low free cyanide content | Analysis and adjustment of free cyanide | |
Excessive RC-AgⅡ (A agent) | Increase current density | |
Overall reduction in brightness | Low RC-AgⅡ (A agent) | Add 5ml of RC-AgⅡ (A agent) |
Uneven coating | Excessive RC-AgⅡ (B agent) | Add RC-AgⅡ (A agent) or treatment with activated carbon |
The coating has spots or spots after storage | Poor pre-treatment | Check each pre-treatment process |
Insufficient rinsing after silver plating | Sufficient rinsed, preferably with hot deionized water | |
Loss of glossy | - |
Note: to prevent spot and spot after storage, rinsing thoroughly after silver plating.
SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) includes product safety instructions and environmental protection instructions. Read and review the MSDS for appropriate health and safety warning before use.
WARRANTY
1. We provide guarantee for product quality under the valid law.
2. The quality of the product after reprocessing or repackaging by customer is not included in the guarantee.
3. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions or issues about the products, we are ready to answer at any time.
COLOR & PACKAGING
RC-156 (A agent) is reddish-brown liquid with plastic barrel packaging. The packaging specification is 5 kg/pcs.
RC-156 (B agent) is light yellow liquid with plastic barrel packaging. The packaging specification is 5 kg/pcs.
?IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THIS INSTRUCTION BOOK
The product information and recommendations contained in this document are based on our experimental theory and data. Due to the particularity of the surface processing, further as the actual use of our products by others is beyond our control, NO GUARANTEE of any kind is made as to the effects of such use, and NO RESPONSIBLE for any consequences. Also, all the information in this document cannot be used as evidence of copyright infringement.